Human copy - paste: People will copy and paste your content in order to use it elsewhere. While not technically scraping, mobile apps (Android and iOS) can embed websites, and inject custom CSS and JavaScript, thus completely changing the appearance of your pages.
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Unsurprisingly, professional scraping services are the hardest to deter, but if you make it hard and time-consuming to figure out how to scrape your site, these (and people who pay them to do so) may not be bothered to scrape your website.Įmbedding your website in other site's pages with frames, and embedding your site in mobile apps. In fact, there's people whose job is to figure out how to scrape your site and pull out the content for others to use. Webscraping services such as ScrapingHub or Kimono. These are rare, and only dedicated scrapers who really want your data will set this up. Taking a screenshot of the rendered pages, and then using OCR to extract the desired text from the screenshot. These are the most common, and so many of the methods for breaking HTML parsers / scrapers also work here. Getting the HTML from the browser after your page has been loaded and JavaScript has run, and then using a HTML parser to extract the desired data. Selenium or PhantomJS, which open your website in a real browser, run JavaScript, AJAX, and so on, and then get the desired text from the webpage, usually by: Similar to shell-script regex based ones, these work by extracting data from pages based on patterns in HTML, usually ignoring everything else.įor example: If your website has a search feature, such a scraper might submit a request for a search, and then get all the result links and their titles from the results page HTML, in order to specifically get only search result links and their titles. HTML parsers, such as ones based on Jsoup, Scrapy, and others.
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Shell scripts: Sometimes, common Unix tools are used for scraping: Wget or Curl to download pages, and Grep (Regex) to extract the data. These are sometimes used for targeted scraping to get specific data, often in combination with a HTML parser to extract the desired data from each page. Spiders, such as Google's bot or website copiers like HTtrack, which recursively follow links to other pages in order to get data. There's various types of scraper, and each works differently: , by extension, what prevents them from working well. In order to hinder scraping (also known as Webscraping, Screenscraping, Web data mining, Web harvesting, or Web data extraction), it helps to know how these scrapers work, and Note: Since the complete version of this answer exceeds Stack Overflow's length limit, you'll need to head to GitHub to read the extended version, with more tips and details.